美国环境社会学最新研究进展

目前,中国环境社会学界对美国环境社会学的文献研究存在以下问题：一是相似度很高,对其理论和观点的表述如出一辙;二是缺少对最新成果和前沿问题的关注。本研究力图＂言别人所未言/未深言＂,对新近研究特别是具有特色的研究进行梳理。其中,理论研究主要是生态现代化、生产的跑步机和双重转移论,经验研究主要是全球气候变化、海洋开发与核风险研究。美国环境社会学的学术研究具有很强的前瞻性,对我国环境社会学的发展具有指导和借鉴价值,但我们更需要增强＂问题意识＂和＂理论修养＂,形成具有本土特色的研究成果。     

The Environmental Risks of Incomplete Globalisation

As the liberal optimism of the long 1990s has faded into a world of growing inequality and resurging nationalism, there is less certainty about the prospects of economic convergence and global integration. Beyond the formidable human cost of maintaining a divided world, the possibility of incomplete globalisation also gives rise to a number of environmental risks. While environmental political theory generally sees strength in localism, history rather shows that a robust world trade system is crucial to offset local resource scarcities and that cosmopolitan norms of solidarity are essential for helping communities to rebuild after environmental catastrophe. In relation to climate change, statist thinking has led to a focus on non-scalable technologies and a silent acceptance of chronic poverty abroad as a way of avoiding a climate emergency. Contrary to such views, this paper argues that accelerating the transition to a fully integrated high-energy planet may more effectively mitigate Anthropocene risks.     

安全利益影响下朝鲜经济发展趋势分析

冷战结束后,朝鲜面临着安全利益和经济发展两大亟待解决的问题。安全问题既影响了朝鲜有限资源的配置,也影响了朝鲜经济发展所需要的外部环境。为解决这一困境,朝鲜似乎希望通过朝鲜半岛核问题来推动问题的解决。从目前朝鲜经济政策调整发展的趋势和朝鲜半岛核问题发展的进程来看,朝鲜应该是在寻找一条能够推动经济发展的渐进的适合朝鲜国情的改革发展道路。     

NIMBY, CLAMP, and the Location of New Nuclear-Related Facilities: U.S. National and 11 Site-Specific Surveys

Public and political opposition have made finding locations for new nuclear power plants, waste management, and nuclear research and development facilities a challenge for the U.S. government and the nuclear industry. U.S. government-owned properties that already have nuclear-related activities and commercial nuclear power generating stations are logical locations. Several studies and utility applications to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission suggest that concentrating locations at major plants (CLAMP) has become an implicit siting policy. We surveyed 2,101 people who lived within 50 miles of 11 existing major nuclear sites and 600 who lived elsewhere in the United States. Thirty-four percent favored CLAMP for new nuclear power plants, 52% for waste management facilities, and 50% for new nuclear laboratories. College educated, relatively affluent male whites were the strongest CLAMP supporters. They disproportionately trusted those responsible for the facilities and were not worried about existing nuclear facilities or other local environmental issues. Notably, they were concerned about continuing coal use. Not surprisingly, CLAMP proponents tended to be familiar with their existing local nuclear site. In short, likely CLAMP sites have a large and politically powerful core group to support a CLAMP policy. The challenge to proponents of nuclear technologies will be to sustain this support and expand the base among those who clearly are less connected and receptive to new nearby sites.     

论事故犯罪概念与主体要件

事故犯罪具有法益侵害的严重性,学界对事故犯罪的研究有所缺失。笔者认为,事故犯罪是指负有特定义务的主体违反注意义务,产生危害不特定多数人的生命、健康或者重大财产权利的严重结果,应受刑罚惩罚的行为。以事故犯罪的概念为逻辑起点,事故犯罪的主体则是指实施事故犯罪行为,依法应当负刑事责任的自然人和单位。     

我国核电企业环境会计信息披露探析

目前国际上越来越多的核电企业遵照相关环境报告指南，自愿、定期的在财务报告之外单独披露环境会计报告，以反映核电企业在环境保护方面的业绩。作为对环境最敏感的企业类别之一，我国的核电企业必须直面环境会计信息披露的外部压力，做环境会计信息披露的典范。文章分析了我国核电企业披露环境会计信息的紧迫性，提出了核电企业环境会计信息披露模式的理想选择和演化路径，并探讨了推进核电企业环境会计信息披露的措施。     

工程重大安全事故罪的主体范围探析

针对《刑法》第137条关于工程重大安全事故罪主体的规定范围略显狭窄的缺陷，提出应当根据我国工程建设的实际情况增加下列主体：将工程建设的相关自然人及人合性组织列入本罪的调整范围；另外，还应当将“勘察单位”、“工程质量监督站”和“施工图审查单位”增列为本罪主体，以利于对本罪的制裁与预防。     

我国道路交通事故社会救助基金制度之检讨与完善

道路交通事故救助基金作为一种新型的社会保障制度,在机动车交通事故责任强制保险无法发挥作用时,为交通事故中的受害人提供社会救助。自救助基金制度实施以来,其所具有的社会保障功能引起各地政府的重视,但严格的补偿条件和因地而异的运行机制阻碍了社会救助功能的发挥。基于此,需要进一步扩大救助基金的来源,修改救助基金的补偿条件,完善救助基金的追偿,使救助基金作为社会救助之一种,能够起到安定人民生活、救助社会弱者的作用。     

德国退出核能利用的法律框架

本文首先回顾了起源于上个世纪七十年代的全球反核运动,从而阐明了德国退出核能的历史渊源。进而简要介绍了核能在德国能源结构中的地位与核能利用的现状。通过分析德国政府与核电企业签署的《关于逐步退出核能利用的协议》以及2002年的《原子能法修订法》的相关条款,特别是结合了RWE公司转让发电量一案,理清了德国退出核能的立法脉络与框架。最后,文章还对德国退出核能利用的最新进展作出了述评。     

Determinants and Mapping of Collective Perceptions of Technological Risk: The Case of the Second Nuclear Power Plant in Taiwan

Nuclear power is a highly controversial and salient example of environmental risk. The siting or operating of a nuclear power plant often faces widespread public opposition. Although studies of public perceptions of nuclear power date back to 1970s, little research attempts to explain the spatial heterogeneity of risk attitude toward nuclear power among individuals or communities. This article intends to improve the knowledge about the major factors contributing to nuclear power plant risk perceptions by mapping the geographical patterns of local risk perception and examining the determinants in forming the nature and distribution of the perceived risk among potentially affected population. The analysis was conducted by a case study of the Second Nuclear Power Plant (SNPP) in Taiwan by using a novel methodology that incorporates a comprehensive risk perception (CRP) model into an ethnographic approach called risk perception mapping (RPM). First, we examined the determinants of local nuclear power risk perceptions through the CRP model and multivariate regression analysis. Second, the results were integrated with the RPM approach to map and explain the spatial pattern of risk perceptions. The findings demonstrate that the respondents regard the nuclear power plant as an extremely high‐risk facility, causing them to oppose the SNPP and reject the compensation payment to accept its continuing operation. Results also indicate that perceptions of nuclear power risk were mainly influenced by social trust, psychological and socioeconomic attributes, proximity, and the perceived effects of the SNPP on the quality of everyday life.